1.) Summary: The Industrial Revolution period could be not only just be described in just the graphic design standpoint, but as a time where the economy and mechanical advances were dramatically changing. The focus of most things was inventing machines that would all for mass production, rather than the traditional ways of things. Education and communication increased immensely, the demand for graphic design increased, and many costs were lowered due to advances in technology. Typography began to evolve from a more handwritten quality, to more bold, larger and abstract typefaces. William Caslon was said to be the main leader in this movement, as well as his two apprentices Joseph Jackson and Thomas Cotterell. Cotterell was known for his bold lettering and it was soon innovated by Robert Thorne, one of his students. "Fat-face fonts" which were extremely bold fonts were created. Printing at this time was also being improved and soon evolved into the steam-powered printing press, which was created for efficiency and speed. It was invented by a man named Friedrich Koenig which resembled a hand press, but with a steam engine. Not only did more innovations come from this invention, but it also made mass production of things such as newspapers available and more affordable for everyone. Soon this steam-powered printing began to take over the traditional hand printing press. Photography was also a major invention at this time and was first done by Joseph Niepce. He experimented with different ways of creating art rather than just by drawing, using light sensitive materials and by allowing one of his first exposures to be in the light all day. Soon Louis Jacques Daguerre joined Niepce since their researches were similar, and continued to innovate the photograph. As time went on George Eastman produced the first Kodak camera and really made photography available to a variety of people. Lithographic printing was also invented, by using a stone and the idea that oil and water would not mix. It did not use engravings or a raised surface and was first used by a man named Aloys Senefelder. Color printing was improved with this and Richard M. Hoe created a rotary lithographic press which allowed for a quicker printing process. Chromolithography was quickly spreading to outside areas since it allowed a whole new level of colored prints and illustrations. Also printing that was targeted towards children came into play as many picture books were created.
2.) I thought the most interesting part was the invention of lithographic and chromolithographic printing. It was cool to see how this advanced printing so much by using brighter and more colors and also more detailed, realistic images. Production increased dramatically and there was many more opportunities for advertisement and other things.
3.) I don't have any questions.
After:
1.) This discussion we had in class today was mainly about the Industrial Revolution. We also talked about how typography was evolving and the use of photographs.
2.) Different qualities of the styles at this time could be described as being bold and almost boring due to the focus being on mass production rather than quality. The typefaces were definitely thicker and bolder as well. Also, advertisement came into play as more of importance in the design industry so more color was being used.
3.) The most important thing from todays discussion I found was the process of photography and more about the first cameras. It's kind of neat to look back and see how everything has evolved to what we use today.
4.) I don't really have any questions from today's discussion, but I would like to learn more about the first photographs since I found this very interesting...
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